Species

Parnassius apollo

Mountain Apollo butterfly

Recorded observations of the species from the year 2000 onwards. Map generated using GBIF

This map shows observations of the species Parnassius apollo from the year 2000 onwards.

The blue markers indicate the frequency of the observations, with darker blue regions indicating more observations in that area.

All observations were obtained from Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) .

You can visit the GBIF page on the species Parnassius apollo by clicking here.

Taxonomy

Domain: Eukaryota

Kingdom: Metazoa

Phylum: Arthropoda

Class: Insecta

Order: Lepidoptera

Family: Papilionidae

Genus: Parnassius

Species: Parnassius apollo

NCBI Taxonomy ID: 110799

Vulnerability

IUCN Category: Least concern
Swedish Red List: Near Threatened

External links

Description

The Mountain Apollo butterfly (Parnassius apollo) is found in geographical regions across Europe and Asia. The species is assessed on the IUCN Red List to be of Least Concern, but decreasing on a global level (Nadler et al., 2021). In Sweden, P. apollo has been considered as Near Threatened since the 2000 Red List assessment (Ahrné, 2020; SLU Artdatabanken, 2025). The genome assembly and annotation displayed here on the Genome Portal was generated in a study by Podsiadlowski et al. (2021).

How to cite

If you use the data presented in the genome portal from this species in your research, please cite the original publication:

Podsiadlowski, L., Tunström, K., Espeland, M., & Wheat, C. W. (2021). The Genome Assembly and Annotation of the Apollo Butterfly Parnassius apollo, a Flagship Species for Conservation Biology. Genome Biology and Evolution, 13(8), evab122. https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evab122

If you have used the pages for this species in the Genome Portal, please refer to it in-text as: “The Parnassius apollo entry in the Swedish Reference Genome Portal (Retrieved ).” and use the following for the bibliography:

Swedish Reference Genome Portal (Retrieved ), SciLifeLab Data Centre, version 1.7.0 from https://genomes.scilifelab.se, RRID:SCR_026008

References

Ahrné, K., Bengtsson, B.Å., Björklund, J.-O., Hydén, N., Jonasson, J.Å., Källander, C., Lindeborg, M., Ohlsson, A., Palmqvist, G., Ryrholm, N. & Öckinger, E. (2020). Rödlista 2020 – expertkommittén för fjärilar. Uppsala: SLU Artdatabanken.
Nadler, J., Bonelli, S., Dapporto, L., Karaçetin, E., Lukhtanov, V., López Munguira, M., Micevski, N., Settele, J., Tzortzakaki, O., Verovnik, R., Warren, M., Wiemers, M., Wynhoff, I. & van Swaay, C. (2021). Parnassius apollo. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T16249A122600528. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T16249A122600528.en. Accessed on 30 April 2025.
SLU Artdatabanken (2025). Artfakta: apollofjäril (Parnassius apollo). https://artfakta.se/taxa/101509 [2025-04-30]

Changelog

05/02/2026 - Species first published on the Portal

Page last updated: 05/02/2026

Species overview