Species

Bufotes viridis

European green toad

Recorded observations of the species from the year 2000 onwards. Map generated using GBIF

This map shows observations of the species Bufotes viridis from the year 2000 onwards.

The blue markers indicate the frequency of the observations, with darker blue regions indicating more observations in that area.

All observations were obtained from Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) .

You can visit the GBIF page on the species Bufotes viridis by clicking here.

Taxonomy

Domain: Eukaryota

Kingdom: Metazoa

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Amphibia

Order: Anura

Family: Bufonidae

Genus: Bufotes

Species: Bufotes viridis

NCBI Taxonomy ID: 30338

Vulnerability

IUCN Category: Least concern
Swedish Red List: Vunerable

External links

Description

The European green toad (Bufotes viridis) is found across a geographical range spanning from Western Europe to the Ural Mountains (IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group, 2023). The Bufotes genus includes 15 lineages of diploid and allopolyploid taxa, with B. viridis being among the diploid species (Dufresnes et al., 2019). Amphibians, such as toads and frogs, are considered the most threatened class of vertebrates (Luedtke et al., 2023). Globally, B. viridis is assessed as Least Concern but Decreasing on the IUCN Red List (IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group, 2023). In Sweden, it is among the most vulnerable amphibians in the country and is limited to isolated populations along the southern coast (Höglund et al., 2022; SLU Artdatabanken, 2025).

The genome assembly featured in the Swedish Reference Genome Portal was generated in a study by Rödin-Mörch et al. (2025) that was a pilot project of the European Reference Genome Atlas (ERGA). The samples used in the study came from a captive population established as part of a conservation effort by Nordens Ark (Nordens Ark, 2025; Rödin-Mörch et al., 2025).

How to cite

If you use the data presented in the genome portal from this species in your research, please cite the original publication:

Rödin-Mörch, P., Bunikis, I., Choi, E., Ciofi, C., Diedericks, G., Diroma, M. A., Einarsdóttir, E., Försäter, K., Heintz, J., Jonsäll, L., Lantz, H., Laurila, A., Leitão, H. G., Mosbech, M.-B., Natali, C., Olsen, R.-A., Vinnere Pettersson, O., Soler, L., Svardal, H., … Höglund, J. (2025). A chromosome-level genome assembly of the European green toad (Bufotes viridis). G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics, 15(3), jkaf002. https://doi.org/10.1093/g3journal/jkaf002

If you have used the pages for this species in the Genome Portal, please refer to it in-text as: “The Bufotes viridis entry in the Swedish Reference Genome Portal (Retrieved ).” and use the following for the bibliography:

Swedish Reference Genome Portal (Retrieved ), SciLifeLab Data Centre, version 1.5.2 from https://genomes.scilifelab.se, RRID:SCR_026008

References

Dufresnes, C., Mazepa, G., Jablonski, D., Oliveira, R. C., Wenseleers, T., Shabanov, D. A., Auer, M., Ernst, R., Koch, C., Ramírez-Chaves, H. E., Mulder, K. P., Simonov, E., Tiutenko, A., Kryvokhyzha, D., Wennekes, P. L., Zinenko, O. I., Korshunov, O. V., Al-Johany, A. M., Peregontsev, E. A., … Litvinchuk, S. (2019). Fifteen shades of green: The evolution of Bufotes toads revisited. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 141, 106615. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106615
Höglund, J., Bolender, L., Cortazar-Chinarro, M., Meurling, S., Laurila, A., Hermaniuk, A., & Dufresnes, C. (2022). Low neutral and immunogenetic diversity in northern fringe populations of the green toad Bufotes viridis: Implications for conservation. Conservation Genetics, 23(1), 139–149. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-021-01407-5
IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. (2023). Bufotes viridis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2023 : E.T182530066A730332. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T182530066A730332.en. Accessed on 11 April 2025.
Luedtke, J. A., Chanson, J., Neam, K., Hobin, L., Maciel, A. O., Catenazzi, A., Borzée, A., Hamidy, A., Aowphol, A., Jean, A., Sosa-Bartuano, Á., Fong G., A., de Silva, A., Fouquet, A., Angulo, A., Kidov, A. A., Muñoz Saravia, A., Diesmos, A. C., Tominaga, A., … Stuart, S. N. (2023). Ongoing declines for the world’s amphibians in the face of emerging threats. Nature, 622(7982), 308–314. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06578-4 Nordens Ark. (2025). Green toad conservation. https://en.nordensark.se/conservation/green-toad/
Rödin-Mörch, P., Bunikis, I., Choi, E., Ciofi, C., Diedericks, G., Diroma, M. A., Einarsdóttir, E., Försäter, K., Heintz, J., Jonsäll, L., Lantz, H., Laurila, A., Leitão, H. G., Mosbech, M.-B., Natali, C., Olsen, R.-A., Vinnere Pettersson, O., Soler, L., Svardal, H., … Höglund, J. (2025). A chromosome-level genome assembly of the European green toad (Bufotes viridis). G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics, 15(3), jkaf002. https://doi.org/10.1093/g3journal/jkaf002
SLU Artdatabanken. (2025). Artfakta: Groddjur (Amphibia). https://artfakta.se/taxa/4000105

Changelog

10/06/2025 - Species first published on the Portal

Page last updated: 10/06/2025

Species overview